AT&T intends to use T-Mobile’s AWS spectrum for LTE

Services

On a call with investors Monday morning, AT&T confirmed its plans to use the AWS spectrum gained in the potential T-Mobile acquisition for its 4G LTE network. Following the carrier’s announcement on Friday that it will acquire T-Mobile from Deutsche Telekom pending regulatory approval, AT&T on Monday revealed one of many factors that motivated it to offer $39 billion for the nation’s No. 4 cellular carrier: spectrum. According to the roadmap pictured above, AT&T will free up T-Mobile’s 1700MHz AWS spectrum by migrating T-Mobile subscribers off the frequency. The carrier then plans to pair its 700MHz spectrum with T-Mobile’s newly-cleared AWS to cover 95% of the U.S. population with 4G LTE service. We know how important 4G is to carriers right now, so the move will potentially give AT&T a huge bump in the race against Verizon Wireless, which has already deployed LTE service in several markets.

51 Comments
  • Calvin Williams

    A$$holes. This only benefits AT&T not the customers.

    • http://twitter.com/iMarky_Marc Marc Jarvis

      How do you know? Only an idiot casts judgment before a product is released.

      • Anonymous

        In the sense that less competition is never a good thing for consumers, I think Calvin is right. Why do you think a de facto duopoly in the mobile market will be a good thing?

      • Bullet Tooth Tony

        Can you provide specific examples in detail of “less competition” being “never a good thing for consumers”? As someone that lived through the AT&T breakup, my landline phone bill instantly quadrupled… all to foster “more competition” for long-distance service, which were quite high, admittedly… sadly, your position holds very little water in reality – especially since long distance service has been free virtually everywhere since cell phones went digital in the 2G realm, about 15 years after the breakup. Now I’m left holding the bag for insanely high landline prices? Please. Spectrum consolidation is a good thing. Spectrum doesn’t magically appear if a company throws up another tower. It’s still just as limited.

      • Bullet Tooth Tony

        I’m still waiting… because I bet you’re researching and discovering all the monopolies that you love which will disqualify your statement. I’m sure you love having running water from your local monopoly water company… or electric from your local monopoly electric company… or natural gas to heat your home from your local monopoly gas company. Or being able to take a dump and flush it down the toilet thanks to your local monopoly sewer provider.

        Or… maybe you discovered “economies of scale”… or the notion that the larger a company, the more of an attempt they need to make to satisfy the market… or that larger companies have more money for R&D.

      • Anonymous

        Why are you replying to me and talking about monopolies? Did I mention monopolies? Did I say the word monopolies? Did I write the word monopolies? It looks like I didn’t.

        What I said was a de facto duopoly, aka a corporate circle-jerk. One guy raises prices, the other guy raises prices to match, and if you don’t like it, you… can go to the distant third guy? I’m sure you’ll say his existence means that everything is fine, but look at broadband. There’s basically three players, and we’re well behind the rest of the world when it comes to speed and penetration (verily… that is what she said). I’m not saying having multiple players will guarantee that everything will be great and wonderful. But I’ll bet that Apple computers wouldn’t be so expensive if more than one company could build them, as one example off the top of my head.

        Unlike most of the internet, though, I’m perfectly willing to admit I’m wrong. Can you give me a hypothetical as to how having less competition in the mobile space will lead to a better result for consumers? Note the lack of sarcasm or trolling tags. I’m serious.

      • Bullet Tooth Tony

        I’m not replying to you about monopolies per se. I’m replying to your statement that “less competition is **never** a good thing for consumers.” Which is inherintly false.

        As far as wireless goes, yes I can. The game is spectrum… not towers, not number of subscribers, not who has what phone; it’s all about making the phones work – let’s just focus on 4G for now. You need huge swaths of spectrum to achieve the maximum rates of IMT-Advanced. 20 mhz up, 20 mhz down. Right now, Verizon holds the lions share of this at 22 mhz nationwide at 700 mhz, some at 34, smaller areas at 46. At the AWS spectrum, which is the topic of this article, Verizon has all parts of the Mississippi River east, AT&T has all parts of the Miss. River west, T-Mo has nationwide coverage. Of this, T-Mo is pretty much 10 mhz nationwide, with some areas around several cities being 30 mhz; Verizon having 20 mhz with every territory it owns east of the Miss.; AT&T has 10 mhz every territory west of the Miss, with 20 mhz in LA and Dallas. As it goes, 700 and 800 mhz are identified as the sweet spots for blanket coverage, AWS spectrums as the sweet spots for throughput.

        What I find troubling, however, is that divestiture – which will be necessary – is not discussed at all. Coupled with their purchase of Qualcomm’s 700 mhz nationwide spectrum, this would let them corner both 700 and AWS. So some of this AWS needs to go. Presumably to Verizon… as Sprint already has 20 mhz virtually everywhere thru Clearwire. Combining the holdings of AT&T and T-Mo with proper divestiture of the AWS spectrum holdings where it is redundant out west, will form a 3-way battle. Verizon and AT&T with 700 and AWS nationwide, and Sprint with 800 and AWS nationwide. An actual true 3-way battle where the product can determine the outcome, not who covers what and where… but 3 companies operating from as close to a level playing field as has ever been possible.

      • Bullet Tooth Tony

        Anyway, I’ll check back later to see if you’ve had a chance to read that minor dissertation. ;-)

      • Anonymous

        I think AT&T and T-Mobile will benefit from the merger. They’ll be able to more effectively allocate spectrum amongst 3G, 3G+, 4G, and however-many-other-G offerings are going to be used in the near future.

        My concern is that, once Verizon and uberT&T control something like 80% of the mobile market… what’s to stop them from raising prices? If they both do it at the same time, blowback from the consumer is going to be negligible. A lot of people will complain, but very few will be willing to swallow an ETF and move to Sprint or one of the regional carriers, neither of whom are likely to have the phone selection that the big boys will.

        I look at this situation in much the same way as I do broadband in the U.S.: there’s Verizon, Comcast, and Time Warner. There are some other companies sprinkled here and there, but those are the big guns. They control pretty much all of what’s going on. Prices aren’t going down. Speeds are improving (hello, FiOS) but, compared to the rest of the world, we’re lagging significantly.

        EA’s Madden series was fighting tooth and nail with 2K Sports… until EA got an exclusive NFL license. Now they don’t have to fight as hard. FIFA used to get shit on by Pro Evo when it came to gameplay. Now, the games are comparable (one could argue that FIFA is superior, but one would be a fool. EVO > *). Windows Mobile used to be goat shit. iOS, Android and (to a lesser extent) webOS came along. Now we’ve got Windows Phone 7. It’s not feature-complete by any means, but it’s so far ahead of what WinMo was that it’s comical.

        The cynic in me doesn’t see where uberT&T’s:
        - customer service doesn’t go down;
        - phone selection doesn’t go down; or
        - prices don’t go up.

        Mini-dissertation reply to the mini-dissertation ahoy!

      • Bullet Tooth Tony

        Right, and I’m on the same page as you, just reading it differently… glass is half full, half empty, blah blah blah. It’s interesting that you bring up cable providers, because that may actually be the best example. They provide the pipe, the service. The content lies within how you’re accessing that content hardware wise. So, I guess what I’m saying is, this isn’t a CDMA vs GSM battle of supremacy or cable vs satellite, this is a hardware battle of supremacy, it’s a “my Sony TV is better than your Samsung TV” to watch our otherwise identical TV programming.

        If expectations of service are nearly identical, then the hardware utilizing it should take the forefront to command those dollars and compete there. There may be slight nuances in service, like if you’re a big NFL fan DirecTV is for you and Time Warner isn’t… but that isn’t where the focus should be. At the end of the day, the cost of the service is the cost of the service, you won’t win choosing satellite over cable, or vice versa, because the networks charge the same X number of dollars per subscriber for everyone, or as contracts expire, they’ll push it there.

        Just like EA Sports vs Konami vs 2K Sports… the exit of Dreamcast didn’t kill 2K’s chances, it enhanced them. It wasn’t about the system, it was about the product that used the system. That example could easily be translated to something like Apple vs HTC vs Motorola vs Nokia…. or iOS vs Android vs WP7. I guess in this video game instance, Apple is Nintendo, and the only way to play Mario is with the Wii (iPhone)… and I guess EA Sports is the Microsoft to Nokia’s NFL license… ;-)

        Honestly, I think a wait and see approach is the best course of action… all we know today is that it’ll cost AT&T a total of 39 billion dollars in cash and stock, and they intend to re-farm T-Mo’s AWS spectrum, currently deployed for it’s HSPA+… these aren’t exactly bad – perhaps AT&T can leverage it’s new relationship with DT for international roaming agreements. Perhaps Verizon now moving to LTE and SIM-based phones will allow them to leverage their relationship with Vodafone for the same. Maybe Sprint will follow thru with refarming iDen’s 800 for LTE and give them both a run for their money on the cost, or partner up with international carriers to take a feature for feature fight to them. There’s just too many unknowns on Day 2 of this subject-to-approval deal.

      • Anonymous

        @Bullet Tooth Tony basically, there IS NO SPECTRUM CRISIS. It’s just manufactured by AT&T to keep the FCC on their toes over nothing.

      • Bullet Tooth Tony

        @nushrike – yes, there is a spectrum crisis. Too many players, too little air. That’s why in Europe, home of oh such great competition, all the competitors are joining forces to share coverage. It’s a limited resource, and it’s too scarce for so many companies. It’s a fact, deal with reality.

      • KCRic

        Because for the cost of 200MB on at&t I can get 5G on t mobile. I can get the same customer service from at&t by standing in line at the DMV. I can get 1500 minutes on t mobile for the same price as 250 minutes on at&t.

        The product has been released for years already, they’re just expanding their client base now.

      • Seven

        The only reason you were getting those cheap prices through T Mobile was they were so desperate for customers they had to do that. The problem though T Mobile was making no money or not enough money to survive. The only time TMo was doing alright was back when all the carriers were pretty much doing the same thing. When they began to fall behind and then started throwing out crazy deals suddenly profits dropped. So basically what is good for you is not good for them. You have to stop thinking that these carriers are here to be your friend. They are a business in a very expensive field that has to make money in order to survive. Even if they would have merged with Sprint things as you know it would have changed. As soon as any of the carriers that are behind att and Vz close the gap the desperation mode would be turned off and pricing would begin to fall in line with the rest. TMO had no where to go in it’s current condition. They had no spectrum to build out the next generation network nor did they have enough to deal with congestion as more people added smartphones. You can only run HSPA+ for so long before you have to move up.
        Before you get all mad about what happened see what happens. Who knows you may like it better. They will probably grandfather a lot of things in atleast for the first couple years. Progress means change. You can’t get better sitting still and that’s what they were doing. They haven’t done anything worth while in some time.

      • CMC

        They did this already. Remember there used to be a “real” AT&T Wireless (not this rebadged Cingular). They’ve done this already. TMO customers will be forced to buy new phones, pay “migration fees”, choose much higher rate plans, give up flat rate plans, and sign new two-year commitments to the carrier. And that basically gets them what they could have had all along by walking into an ATT store right from the start.

      • Anonymous

        Uh, no. I was pretty sure Homefront was going to suck because it’s THQ, and I was right. I was fairly sure the iPhone on AT&T would be hugely held back (not in sales, just performance) by AT&T, and sure enough. On the other hand, I loved my previous Canon compact, so got an S95 and it’s just great. If you think about histories of things, there are patterns. Occasionally you get a surprise and have to reset.

        Here, let me try something you might understand. Have you ever been kicked in the balls? Did it hurt? Well, how about letting me kick you in the balls again? As hard as I can, because you’d be a total moron (oh sorry, just an idiot) to cast judgement on whether my ball-racking will hurt. I could have the toes of an angel for all you know.

        But I probably don’t. And we saw what happened when Cingular (now AT&T) ate the old AT&T Mobile. It was a f@#$ing disaster for the previous AT&T Mobile customers like me. There’s zero reason to think it’ll be any better this time as they’re bigger, richer, and even more evil now.

    • numetheus

      I don’t know … lots of people here with T-Mobile have poor coverage while AT&T has it good. This would improve things for a lot of customers. It’s not like it will change your contract because you are grandfathered in. Can you tell me how this is bad for T-Mobile customers? I really don’t care what this means for the rest of the carriers, because what most are interested in is … how does this effect MY service? I’m not an investor or have any vested interest in any of these companies outside of me paying my bill every month and making calls. So, knowing that … exactly how is this bad for T-Mobile? All I see is good coming their way as far as service goes.

  • http://twitter.com/RezaC1 Reza Chowdhury

    So they plan to put further strain on the ATT 3G network presently by moving everyone from T-Mobile over until they can build out 4G?

    • numetheus

      What gives you this assumption? Cell splits will provide extra coverage for T-Mobile and AT&T customers. It’s not like they will shut off the entire network and have everyone use AT&T towers all of a sudden.

      • CMC

        That’s what they do the original AT&T Wireless (blue)…they shut it down and forced everyone onto the “orange” network. Granted it took a while, but that’s what they did.

  • Nairb

    That was interesting info, at 8:17am this morning.

  • Anonymous

    I hope some way AT&T can utilize the added spectrum such that they can actually provide quasi-reliable service in really remote, desolate areas…such as Manhattan.

    Hey AT&T, I’m looking forward to DL speeds > 0.30Mbps.

  • KCRic

    Really AT&T, you’re going to ‘migrate’ me off the 1700MHz band? How do you expect to do that if I don’t plan on upgrading for the next few years? Seems like a ploy to force me to upgrade in order to say my old grandfathered contract is null and void so you don’t have to honor it. Then my ‘unlimited’ data doesn’t have to be honored and you can charge me the same amount for only 200MB. F*ck off AT&T, you won’t be having me as a customer – I dropped their sorry ass once and I’m not going back.

    • Llama

      You sound like you are to cheap to afford the services, Verzion is also doing away with unlimited data with sprint to fallow. Read up before you type

      • KCRic

        I work for the government kid, I have plenty of money. I’m not going to pay more for less at slower speeds and also have to pay even more for tethering (which I rarely use but that’s not the point). Being ‘cheap’ has nothing to do with it – it’s called being smart about your money. When you grow up you’ll understand.

      • Mjohns2

        Lol @ “I work for the government kid, I have plenty of money. “

      • Llama

        You work for the government? I would take my guess and say law inforsment? No a kid, being smart with many? Then you should know it cost to have what you want. You get what you pay for right? Hmm, AT&T service being costly as it is…it still has customers signing up quarter after quarter. The numbers speak for them selfs correct? Congrats on work for the foverment. I myself make more then the few government people I know, from what I see in government wages I could be making more then you and yet I have people working for me. Work smart and have your money work for you, never work for the money.

      • Gerriebliss

        I’m glad our taxmoney is paying you plenty of money.

      • DubYa

        Getting unemployment checks and food stamps doesn’t mean you work for the government.

    • Anonymous

      When AT&T and Cingular combined, they gave people with incompatible phones a choice of 5 or 6 free phones without changing the contract. I assume they’ll do the same for the T-mo phones that don’t already have the capability to utilize the AT&T frequencies.

      Heck, there’s probably so many AT&T phones already on TMO’s network, it wont that be that big a hit to AT&T if the deal goes through.

    • Mr. DICK

      Then go to Verizon and pay even more, dumbass!

      • Anonymous

        You really are Mr. Dick! :)

  • Bullet Tooth Tony

    If it’s approved, they better be forced to sell off their own AWS spectrum to Verizon then… AT&T and Verizon split AWS coverage at the Mississippi – Verizon east, AT&T West – while T-Mo has nationwide coverage. Just like when Verizon bought Alltel and was forced into divestiture of redundant spectrum to AT&T…

  • Anonymous

    I’m wondering how much AT&T will charge for the privileged of this “4G” coverage. Bet it’s pretty close to $39 billion divided by the # of subscribers.

  • Tim242

    I doubt this will go through. If it does, they will probably have to divest so many markets that their customer base won’t grow by much. They will just get spectrum and a few million new customers.

  • 1adonis1

    Why everyone bitching at AT&T, you should really be pissed at Tmobile. They could have said no to the offer. I guess offering super cheap plans and data isn’t good for your bottom line. Who knew.

    • Gaza

      That’s the same thing I’m thinking. It’s like with the whole Madden/2K deal, people were upset at EA, when they should really be upset at the NFL. T-Mobile UK = NFL in this case.

    • rmcgoff

      T-Mobile likely wasn’t given much of a choice, AT&T went directly to DT, not T-Mobile. They didn’t sell themselves.

      • Scorp

        Ok well be mad at DT. AT&T is simply conducting business to make themselves more competitive. Anyone mad at them is an idiot. Be mad at sorry DT and TMO.

    • numetheus

      Yep. Or they could have done a better job early on. They started to improve their network and get good phones finally at the last minute. T-Mobile has always been known for POS phones, that’s why I dumped them a long time ago (gadget geek here … tmo is a poor place for us). Within the last couple of years they started building up their network and putting more money to improve phones. It’s their fault they waited so long to keep up with everyone else. I think we all saw something like this coming.

      • Anonymous

        Well, unfortunately, I have to agree with you. But, just think, you’ll get some part of T-Mobile back; not sure what part but, you’ll get something.

  • Anonymous

    So,, is AT&T planning to use the AWS spectrum in place of their current MicroCell Towers?? Or, are they planning to use both [enhancements].

  • Anonymous

    I bet you all be happy if slow-rizon buys tmo……bitches…..!!!!!

  • http://twitter.com/raitchison Robert Aitchison

    I’ll admit this would probably improve my coverage significantly, TMO coverage is so bad in places that I’ve been considering carrying around my company issued AT&T MiFi for my G2.

    Still, I hope this doesn’t pass regulatory muster, though I’m not hopeful of that.

    One downside is I can see TMO scaling back on any network expansion or LTE investment working under the assumption that the buyout will get approved.

    Hopefully I will be able to keep my grandfathered plan and not be forced into an AT&T plan when my contract expires.

  • Man of Reason

    Where are all of the analysts who saw this one coming? First, they predicted that the Death Star would fall because of the loss of one exclusive product. Second, they predicted Sprint would gobble up T-Mo. Most analysts have been completely wrong and off base.

    Since their opinion is no better than mine, here is my analysis. 1. Pending approval, T-Mobile customers won’t be fully migrated until 2013. So they will be able to keep their phones and plans. 2. ATT will clearly demonstrate why HSPA+ and LTE is win for customers. Increased speeds immediately with the current HSPA+ devices, and the build out of LTE means more seamless speed for customers. 3. The phone manufacturers will have an even better selection of devices for customers, since they may have to incorporate more frequencies which means better chipsets. 4. VZW now will have heavy pressure to pursue SPRINT and/or MetroPCS. 5. More jobs will be available stateside in customer service and network maintenance. Customer facing jobs will more than likely remain flat.

    This is my analysis based on my observations. Quote me if you like.

  • 1T2dirtnap

    No you T-Mobile people won’t be able to keep or be grandfathered in, are you kidding me! at&t will eventually dissolve all of t-mo. That is if this deal passes approval, which I believe won’t happen, not the way at&t would wan’t. There will be conditions, major conditions before they get approval.

  • CMC

    Love how they spin crap. The only way any TMO customer gets any benefit is to buy yet another handset, which will be littered with ATT’s bloatware, and they’ll be required to choose a new plan, pay a “migration fee”, and have significantly higher pricing. That’s EXACTLY what Cingular did with the original ATT (blue) customers.

  • Uraziz

    after spending 39 billion on aquiring tmobile where will they find the money to build out their 4G LTE network?? Yes they have the spectrum but no money will be left for new towers. They will be just like Sprint. With a lot of spectrum but no money left to build.

  • quality4G4ever

    why are you worried about service price increases..you live in America and you can afford it..
    it is still cheap…Do you want free 4G…??? it will never happened…as long as they keep a fair subscriber price…
    Americans go for quality not for shit quantity…
    I take ATT+Tmobile quality rather than 100 others shit quality carriers…
    What ATT needs to change is the customer service experience
    Dont worry….when they get too big and abusive, FCC will break them up again
    Peace out…

  • Jono

    So does this mean that T-mobile’s 3G service goes down the tubes? 3g T-mobile phones are then turned into EDGE phones?

    GREAT. I just bought a 3G blackberry and a 3g android.

  • Anonymous

    There is a completely relevant company here that is being severely discounted at the moment because it exists as its own company- Sprint.

    Hear me out- everyone is talking about the problem of fewer carriers creating a situation where the carriers just adjust prices to reflect each other, or offer different data tiers with slightly different pricing, but in reality just mirroring each other for their respective equivalencies, if they existed as plan options.

    Sprint just got its throat cut with this merger. But no matter what, Sprint has incredible value as a network and will not simply just go out of business.

    Sprint is crying for the government to oppose the merger because it will- this merger WILL kill them.

    However, there is a silver lining to this cloud. ATT may have inadvertently screwed itself by combining with T-Mobile in order to avoid being more competitive in the marketplace with better plan options or lower prices. They instead chose to buy T-Mobile to create a larger and more formidable company. Smart move- right? Well, let’s take the longer view. By killing Sprint- which is what they have done- they have reduced Sprint’s value to the point where it could be purchased outright by another company. Another carrier? Not likely- Verizon has said that they are not interested, Comcast has already pissed off the FCC and would likely not be approved as a merging partner. But who really needs Sprint and who could really change the game of the wireless companies? Someone with no need to profit from Sprint’s core business of selling wireless plans. As in, if the company functioned and did not lose money but did not to generate profits by the sale of wireless contracts alone, it would benefit its purchaser.

    Google, Microsoft or Apple are thinking about this right now.

    Google could use Sprint to block the iPhone and push out essentially an android exclusive platform and create a Google wireless network that could be extremely competitive with ATTmobile and Verizon. If Google got behind Sprint, made it its own Google wireless network, and advertised some truly unlimited plan at a lower price with no restrictions, people would take notice. The defensive move here would to prevent the iPhone from being brought out on every network in the country. And by branding the network they would create a halo effect around Android- and maybe even rebrand Android itself as google Phone.

    Microsoft could do something similar with Sprint and make it a haven for Windows Phone, enticing users with lower plan pricing. Just like Google, Microsoft would drive a lot of attention. If they could put out the same unlimited plan with zero restrictions at a lower price point, say $60 or $70 a month, they would pull from Verizon and Attmobile especially if they could pair this with a truly compelling version of windows phone. But this would also be a good defensive move against the iPhone and Apple. And they would create the same halo effect around windows Phone with their own network.

    Apple buying Sprint I think is the most obvious and most likely possibility. Apple has talked about making a “game changing” move with their huge amount of cash on hand, and paying for factory upgrades in their panel suppliers to insure a steady and strong supply of 4″ 960 by 640 and 9.7″ 2048 by 1536 IPS panels is not “game changing.” The “Apple Network,” which is what Apple could create if they bought Sprint, would be game changing. Apple would obviously get its iphone on the network, and they might just tell every other phone manufacturer to F’off. If they brought out a lower-priced iPhone along with their high end models, they could likely get away with it. Apple could sell mobile products- phones, ipads- in their new Apple Network stores. They would attract people from the other carriers by the droves. And Apple loves simplicity- what is simpler than a lower priced unlimited plan with no data caps? Apple wants to sell more music and movies directly to mobile devices. ATTmobile and Verizon have data caps, or will soon, putting a huge impediment to this part of Apple’s plan.

    Also- with an LTE network in place (Sprint has already committed to changing over from Wimax) Apple could just stick the chips to pick it up in an Apple TV. Now- boom- consumers have a choice of home broadband provider that is actually compelling. Just like in the wireless industry, there is a lack of competition amongst home broadband providers. Sure there will be educated and discerning users who will recognize that an LTE connection is nowhere near as fast as a good cable connection, but a lot of people just have a broadband connection they could care less about. Link a user’s appleID to all their data connections (up to 5 or something) and Apple has now kicked Comcast, Time Warner, and every other landline based broadband provider in the balls. These are other companies that represent a threat to Apple’s progress if they eventually throttle data speed or impose usage caps on their customers. And really, the best way to defuse a threat and prevent a company from being able to impede your moves it to hit their revenue stream. Less revenue, less advertising… less ability to put in measures to broadband plans that will restrict a consumer’s ability to download large (music and movie) files.

    So, in my humble opinion, Apple could buy Sprint, end all contracts with handset suppliers, rename it as the Apple network, offer only one plan with unlimited everything, zero data caps, allow the tethering of up to 5 devices either directly to the data plan or between devices as a pool, reduce the price of the plan to something “game changing,” like $60 a month, and still make more money, hurt their competition more, deflate potential impediments to the extremely profitable enterprise of being the dominant seller of media in the optical disk-less age and STILL benefit consumers because ATTmobile, Verizon, TimeWarner Cable, Comcast and every other bullshit company that provides shitty customer service with a product insulated from any real competition in the wireless and landline data service industry would be forced to sit up and take action or risk getting knocked on their ass harder than when Apple brought out the iPhone.

    Thoughts?

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